Galvanized by the Protestant Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church underwent a general movement of reform and missionary activity, not least through the creation of the Society of Jesus order, by Ignatius Loyola and Francis Xavier. Loyola had worked out a system for prayer, self-examination and surrender to God, which gained approval from the Pope, and then began to teach these things in the form of a catechism. Also, to help counteract the effect of Luther, Calvin and Tyndale, another version of